The course examines the principal physiological and molecular aspects of plant growth and development. The program includes water balance, xylematic and floematic transport, byosinthesis and action of phytohormones, photomorphogenesis, abiotic stress, secondary metabolism. The objective of the course is the acquisition of the theoretical fundamentals of plant physiology relevant for viticulture.
Water transport in plants: chemical properties of water, water and solute transport processes.
Water balance of plants: movement of water in the soil, water absorption by roots, water and nutrient transport through the xylem, transpiration and stomatal movements, control of stomatal opening. Water stress: physiological responses to drought.
Photosynthesis: general concepts of light reactions and carbon reactions. Starch and sucrose synthesis. Translocation in the phloem: phloem loading and unloading, the sink-source concept, allocation and partitioning of phosynthates.
Growth and development: cell wall and cell expansion. Embryogenesis, root and shoot development, senescence and programmed cell death. Control of flowering.
Photomorphogenesis: phytochrome, phytochrome responses, cellular and molecular mechainisms. Blu-light responses.
Phytohormones: biosynthesis, physiological effects and molecular modes of action of auxin, cytokinins, gibberellins, thylene, abscisic acid , brassinosteroids, polyamines, jasmonic acid.
Principal secondary metobolites.
Stress physiology: Responses to high and low temperatures, anoxia and salinity.
oral
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